Social Policy Dissertation Free Essays

Diagram of Area The New Deal for solitary guardians has focussed on the thought of making it simpler for solitary guardians to come back to work. The hidden point of the strategy has been expressed to make it simpler for guardians, especially solitary guardians, back to work by making the issues identifying with childcare simpler to survive. Regardless of this apparently solid arrangement to improve the work possibilities of guardians, there are worries that this plan could have negative repercussions on other government assistance zones, for example, the nature of childcare being given to little youngsters (DfEE, 1998). We will compose a custom article test on Social Policy Dissertation or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Solitary guardians specifically present a strategy challenge as there is a need to guarantee that while setting guardians in a place that they can take up business this ought not be done so that powers guardians into work when they would be better utilized giving childcare at home. Taking a gander at the more extensive issues related with the New Deal strategy remembering the effect for childcare and kid improvement empowers an itemized arrangement investigation to be attempted and proposals for the future to be made(Zaslow, et al 2002). Proposal to be Tested The current New Deal plan centers too vigorously around getting the same number of guardians, especially solitary guardians, into work. An inability to get a handle on the more extensive issues remembering the effect for the offspring of being in childcare since early on and social factors, for example, the advantages of entering once again into the working environment has brought about the arrangement being less compelling than the first points would propose it could be. Change is expected to take a gander at the more extensive issues and to guarantee that the New Deal doesn't concentrate on momentary increases with long haul costs (Josh and Verropoulu, 2000). Likely Problems Issues identifying with solitary guardians coming back to work are frequently individual with the approach being compelling for one situation however not for another. Increasing a general point of view is hence possibly troublesome as one size doesn't fit all and a few methodologies might be important to address the proposition question introduced previously. Characteristic Bibliography (this is only a beginning stage and will be added to significantly during the proposal itself) Division for Education and Employment (DfEE) (1998) The National Childcare Strategy. London: HMSO. http://www.dfee.gov.uk/childcare/content3.htm Dunifon, R., Kalil, An., and Bajracharya, A. (2005), ‘Maternal Working Conditions and Child Well-Being in Welfare-leaving Families’, Developmental Psychology, Vol 41(6), pp.851-59. DWP (2007), In work, happier: following stages to full business, London: Department for Work and Pensions, The Stationery Office. Josh, H. what's more, Verropoulu, G. (2000) Maternal Employment and Child Outcomes: Analysis of Two Birth Cohort Studies, London: The Smith Institute. Kaestner, R., Korenman, S. D., and O’Neill, J. (2003), ‘Has Welfare Reform Changed Teenage Behaviors?’, Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, vol. 22(2), pp.225-248. Millar, J. what's more, Ridge, T. (2008), ‘Relationships of Care: Working Lone Mothers, their Children and Employment Sustainability’, Journal of Social Policy, vol. 33(1), pp.103-121. Zaslow, M., Moore K., Brooks J., Morris P., Tout K., Redd Z., and Emig C. (2002), ‘Experimental investigations of government assistance change and children’, Children and Welfare Reform, vol. 12 (1), pp.79-98. Instructions to refer to Social Policy Dissertation, Essays

Primary Source Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Essential Source Analysis - Research Paper Example He depicts the ascent of Christians against the Jews as a mistake in suspecting and ponders whether was truly enlivened by God. Yet of Aura needed to depict that the assaults on Christian were not spurred by their obligation to shield their religion, yet it was out of unadulterated ravenousness for riches. He guarantees that in all the fruitful endeavors the Christians took and shared the huge measure of Jews riches Ekkehard of Aura depicts Emico, a Christian warrior as to be of sick ethics and looks at him to the scriptural Saul whose fundamental point was to aggrieve the Christians. He portrays endeavors over Emico’s pioneers as impolite and heartless. Ekkehard states that the Christian’s were out to assault any Jew they joined no thought on their help of Christianity. He attempts to draw out a point that, Christian’s objective was to annihilate the Jews and deny them of their assets. Ekkehard and Albert’s claims are some way or another not quite the sam e as the letter of Aymeric to Louis II of France. Aymeric letter’s was intended to put over a message of enduring the Christian’s were looking in the hands of the many sorted out Jews. The letter was written in such a manner to persuade the King to offer the Christians support as a retaliate toward the numerous Jews. Aymeric depicts a feeble Christian culture against a huge gathering of Jews. Albert and Ekkehard takes note of the Christian’s mercilessness, absence of benevolence and abuse of the Jews as their very own result race. From their introduction of the message the two creators portrays Christian’s acts towards the Jews with a ton of individual emotions connected. He depicts their help for the Jews particularly where they utilize solid damaging words to portray the Christians as insatiable, unfeeling, and savage and blunder disapproved. Amyrec on the opposite side on his letter to the lord of France is seen mentioning on implementation against the Jews. The assaults on the Jews that happened during the main campaign were remorseless and superfluous acts that have adhered to a meaningful boundary between the future Catholics and Jews. In any case, there is no unmistakable proof on whether the Catholics composed the campaigns explicitly focusing on theJews or it what roused by the need to burglarize them their riches. Amyrec letter shows the catholic Christian’s demand for help from the western world (France). On the off chance that the assaults on the Jews started from the western world, at that point this doesn’t show the purported a solid convention of contempt to the Jews people group. On the off chance that what Ekkehardof Aura saw is anything to pass by, at that point, it wasn't right for a lot of blameless Jews to be slaughtered on the eyes of the concerned Catholics, with no demonstration to change the circumstance, and that such a significant number of individuals were misdirected into doing shameful act s and go into clashes with outsiders whom they don't had anything to hold against, whose assets made them a reasonable objective for ravenous and barbaric fighters. The proof depicted by the accompanying creators could introduce dread, misconception and scorn among the Jews and the Catholics yet it’s not sufficiently able to guarantee that there is a custom for the Jews individuals. Such cases with respect to the Jews supporters will excite the negative suppositions toward the Christians as the Jews thought about them as misguided worshipers and therefore they had no regard for the Christian’s images and religion on the loose. An enormous gathering of troopers comprising of

FutureFit Projects

FutureFit Projects Our latest updates for the week of August 27, 2017 This week, we're sharing our new FutureFit Projects, which incorporate social-emotional, real-world, and college- and career-readiness skills into core curriculum through our FutureFit skill set. FutureFit Projects: Spin Factory - Design a Fidget Device First up is a project-based lesson covering measurement and conversion of measurements. It is designed to reinforce core math subject material while also incorporating social-emotional learning and character education skills and concepts. Grade: 4 Subjects: Mathematics | Measurement | Money Nepal Gorkha Earthquake Our next project-based lesson covers the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal. It is designed to reinforce core science subject material while also incorporating social-emotional learning and character education skills and concepts. our students and your teaching.   If you missed last week's update, you can find it here. Let's Connect! Find TeacherVision on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Pinterest, and Google+.

The Tropical Storm and Hurricane Names for 2015

Below you will find the listing of hurricane names for the Atlantic Ocean for the year 2015. For every year, there is a pre-approved list of tropical storm and hurricane names. These lists have been generated by the National Hurricane Center since 1953. At first, the lists consisted of only female names; however, since 1979, the lists alternate between male and female. Hurricanes are named alphabetically from the list in chronological order. Thus the first tropical storm or hurricane of the year has a name that begins with A and the second is given the name that begins with B. The lists contain hurricane names that begin from A to W, but exclude names that begin with a Q or U. There are six lists that continue to rotate. The lists only change when there is a hurricane that is so devastating, the name is retired and another hurricane name replaces it. The 2015 hurricane name list is the same as the 2009 hurricane name list. Since 2009 did not include any devastating storms, the 2009 hurricane name list and the 2015 hurricane name list are exactly the same. 2015 Hurricane Names AnaBillClaudetteDannyErikaFredGraceHenriIdaJoaquinKateLarryMindyNicholasOdettePeterRoseSamTeresaVictorWanda Hurricane Names From Other Years 200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018

The Industrial Revolution Essay - 1526 Words

The Industrial Revolution in Britain’s history is marked as the period of great development that led to the modern era of growth, improved living standards and technology. Moreover, this revolution was not just limited to Britain; it affected the rest of Europe and America in the same positive manner. Due to the Industrial Revolution’s success in many countries, it is now commonly cited as the surest way for a country to develop. In economics, goals of a developed country are high production of goods, high Gross Domestic Product (GDP), low unemployment and sustained growth; during an Industrial Revolution all these are achieved. However, despite the main goal of IR to improve living standards for the population, the actual success when†¦show more content†¦Moreover, due to the high specialization of the workers, the efficiency of the overall production was decreased as well. As different specific processes were needed for the creation of a good, a single person could not effectively complete the tasks by himself and would depend on others to finish them. Furthermore, if one of the workers were lost due to any reason, the production would be halted until a replacement could be found. In addition, the actual production used primitive tools and the knowledge associated was a closely guarded secret that was kept within the family. With all these different economic aspects, an average worker was greatly disabled on improving his standard of living. All the above-mentioned factors created a negative force on the working class, pulling them back to the same status whenever they tried to improve. With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, existing factors, which kept pulling the working class back to its low standard of living, were diminished if not completely suppressed. The revolution introduced new technologies and processes that created a system by which all workers benefited; most clearly shown be a â€Å"sustained rise in the real income per person† [1]. One example of such technology is â€Å"machines†¦ that harnessed [untapped] sources of energy like water and steam and made the manufacturing of goods more efficient than ever† [10]. All these inventions had the effect of lowering the cost of productions and allowed â€Å"moreShow MoreRelatedIndustrial Of The Industrial Revolution1666 Words   |  7 PagesMartinez English IV, 1st hour 4/29/16 The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution set people away from farms and small villages and moved them to cities and towns because of the job opportunities that arose in the cities. The Industrial Revolution not only helped people move along in the late 1700s and early 1800s but also it has made the people what they are today. During the Industrial Revolution, the movement from an agrarian society to an industrial one reshaped the roles of families, widenRead MoreThe Revolution Of The Industrial Revolution917 Words   |  4 PagesWhen thinking of the industrial revolution, I usually correlate this transitional period to great advancements in machinery, and an increase in jobs. However, after looking past the surface of the industrial revolution, in regards to the promise of great wealth, this promise was not kept, along with other issues. I believe that a â€Å"better life† would mean that people would not have to go through the same struggles they once did before the revolution, struggles such as not having a job, money, homeRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution943 Words   |  4 PagesThe Industrial Revolution, a Revolution that began in Britain in the nineteenth century, saw people move from working in the farming industry to working in factories. This transition from an agrarian society meant that many people moved to cities in search of jobs. New methods of manufacturing allowed goods to be produced far more cheaply and quickly than before. However, the Revolution came with its own negative consequences. The lives of children during the Industrial Revolution were torturousRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution1633 Words   |  7 Pagesmeans of communication, factories to manufacture the products you need, places to work, and ways to travel and transport goods. And what made these possible? The answer is the Industrial Revolution, which started in Europe around the year 1730. A revolution is a major change or turning point in something. The Industrial Revolution was a major turning point in history and in the way people lived. Their careers, living situations, location, values, and daily routines all changed, and they needed it desperatelyRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution1097 Words   |  5 PagesBefore the advent of the Industrial Revolution, most people resided in small, rural communities where their daily existences revolved around farming. Life for the average person was difficult, as incomes were meager, and malnourishment and disease were common. People produced the bulk of their own food, clothing, furniture and tools. Most manufacturing was done in homes or small, rural shops, using hand tools or simple machines. Did You Know? The word luddite refers to a person who is opposedRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution1090 Words   |  5 PagesShort Term Misery†¦ Long Term Gain There are two major industrializations that have occurred through out history, both which began in England. The Industrial Revolution was from 1750 until 1800. The first and second industrialization were filled with many inventions, new societal ideas, new raw materials, new sources of power, also new ideas and societal implements were made enabling the world and society to evolve. Overall these industrialization was filled with death, neglect, and disease but endedRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution936 Words   |  4 Pageseconomist Robert Emerson Lucas wrote in regards to the Industrial revolution: For the first time in history, the living standards of the masses of ordinary people have begun to undergo sustained growth. The novelty of the discovery that a human society has this potential for generating sustained improvement in the material aspects of the lives of all its members, not just the ruling elite, cannot be overstressed.† (Lucas 2002). The revolution itself was ce ntred in Britain before spreading to theRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution705 Words   |  3 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was the quintessence of capitalistic ideals; it bred controversy that led to Karl Marx’s idea of communism as a massive grass roots reaction to the revolution’s social abuses. Firstly, the Industrial Revolution featured the construction of machines, systems and factories that allowed goods to be manufactured at a faster rate with a lower cost. The seed drill made it so there could be â€Å"a semi-automated, controlled distribution and plantation of wheat seed†(Jones 2013). SecondlyRead MoreIndustrial Revolution1160 Words   |  5 Pagesend of the 19th century, a significant change took place in the fundamental structure of the economy. That change was industrialization. During this time period, the United States of America changed from a large, agricultural country, to an urban industrial society. The process of industrialization began to take place in America, and eventually took over the economy during this period. Entrepreneurs and inventors put together various machines and businesses to help better the country function on aRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Essay2099 Words   |  9 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was one of the largest social and cultural movements that changed the methods of manufacturing of metal and textiles, the transportation system, economic policies and social structure as well. Before the Industrial Revolution, people used to live by season due to agriculture. They thrived on whatever food was in season. Now, as a result of the Industrial Revolution, we live regimented and almost everything that is made, is mass produced. I will discuss three major topics

Persuasive Free Essays

Testing and driving has become a concern among the many. Across the nation, many accidents were reported to the authorities. The main suspect, Cell Phone! But is the Samsung Galaxy or the phone held responsible for these crashes? Teens, along with adults, have participated in this extreme action without pointing out the consequences. We will write a custom essay sample on Persuasive or any similar topic only for you Order Now It Just takes a second of distraction to cause a fatal accident. Over the years, technology has Impacted humanity greatly. It has provided the world with faster information access and a swifter communication approach. Computers and cellophanes have improved many of the communication skills within the military, politics, and many other essential key item throughout the world. Lately, It has spout up a new dilemma Involving the addictiveness of an Individual to some sort of electronic device, mostly cell phones. In 1977, the creation of the first Motorola cell phone was brought to light (Mainstream). Its single purpose was to hold a link with another similar device to conduct conversation wirelessly. Today cellular phones provides the user with addicting forms of entertainment Oinks). Programs that are most commonly used within a cellophane are games (such as candy crush), internet access, and other tools that we find attractive to the eye. But on top of all these programs, text messaging has become superior as 72 percent of cellophane users have send and receive messages (â€Å"Because Testing and Driving Kills â€Å"). Messaging has provide a new way of communicating with member of society but when is a text too much? Drivers were given a privilege when granted their drinking’s license, under one circumstance through. They ask for the driver to be responsible and careful on the road, to always obey the laws, and to defend your license since defending your license means protecting your life. Many of the drivers do as they were told but there is always an opportunity of a slip up. Causes could range from drunk driving to falling asleep but In today’s generation, phone addiction also contribute to the cause of many roadside accidents. They call this distracted driving since you are diverting your attention from the road to the suspects of your phone. An estimate, provided by AAA-Foundation for Traffic Safety, informs that this sort of distraction contributes to 16% of all fatal crashes each year which adds to a total of 5000 victims (â€Å"Because Testing and Driving Kills On a research study, It states that the minimal amount of time that someone’s attention is taken of the road due to a cell phone intake would be of five seconds which spikes you possibility for a crash to 23%(Leap ). This is about driving are 6 times more likely to be involved in a crash than drivers that are intoxicated(â€Å"Because Testing and Driving Kills Eye opener, huh? It should be. Cell phones have become useful devices for the masses, providing the world with an easier way to start a conversation with someone miles away or nations apart. Though offering great use, it could serve as a deadly weapon when handled while driving. Many cell phone companies such as ATT have Joined in to stop testing and driving among cell phone device users. Commercials and other samples of well view propaganda have set out for a common goal in order to stop this madness, asking drivers to turn off such devices in order to avoid that distraction. How to cite Persuasive, Essays Persuasive Free Essays Instructor: XXXXXXXXXX Abstract On the evening of May 2, 2011 President Obama and a group of his military and political advisors sat around a war-room table in the White House, shrouded in total secrecy and awaiting the most important radio transmission of the entire War on Terror. The tension in the room was surely palpable. The room of the most powerful men and women in the nation instantly exploded into celebration in response to a Navy SEAL radio transmission simply stating: â€Å"for God and country, I pass Geronimo, Geronimo, Geronimo. We will write a custom essay sample on Persuasive or any similar topic only for you Order Now Geronimo, E-K-I-A†. The transmission was the code word for Osama Bin Laden and the letters at the end of the transmission stood for â€Å"enemy killed in action†. The ten year hunt for the world’s most dangerous man was finally over. The men who conducted the raid were silently held as heroes. News was instantly leaked from all corners of the Department of Defense and details poured out. Flash forward to 2012. A Navy SEAL team member who was involved with the historical mission to take down Osama Bin Laden is said to be facing espionage charges from the Department of Defense for a tell-all book about the mission. The SEAL claims that he has divulged no classified details and a nation is left wondering when is the veil of secrecy that these men operate under acceptable to be removed? The history of the United States Navy Sea, Air and Land (SEAL) teams dates back to the World War II and the creation of the Navy’s Scout and Raider and later named Underwater Demolition Teams (UDT). Formed in 1942, these teams were elite warriors tasked with going in behind enemy lines before a major assault force landed and systematically weakening the enemy’s defenses along the beachheads that the primary occupation force would later breach. The most famous of these missions is arguably the selfless work performed by these UDT teams that would turn out to be one of the keys to the success of the allied forces landing on Normandy Beach on June 6, 1944 (â€Å"SEAL and SWCC Official Naval Special Warfare Website†, n. d. ). The UDT teams would transition into the unit presently known as the Navy’s SEAL’s in 1962 by order of the President of the United States, John F. Kennedy. The SEAL’s would prove to be invaluable assets to clandestine warfare during the height of the Cold War when tensions between superpowers ran high and peace was a tightrope walked by all players. The result of a military blunder during the Cold War could have easily spelled a nuclear war and changed the face of the planet and the human race forever. The War on Terrorism thrust the American military from a long peace into a bloody and fearsome war. Many countries in the Middle East that claim an allegiance with the United States were hesitant to stand up next to it for fear of internal civil unrest or an overthrow of their government. The terrain that the enemy hid in ranged from sprawling desert to ice capped mountains and everything in between. Enemy combatants who would face American troops in Afghanistan would hide across the Pakistani border and cross into the country only long enough to attack and then slink back to the safety of Pakistan. The need for clandestine operations was suddenly a paramount once again. Intelligence assets from the CIA to the United States Air Force Reconnaissance Wing worked tirelessly around the clock for years on end collecting and no doubt feeding information to Special Operations units like the Navy SEAL’s. Over a decade of bloody warfare many successes would come in the way of overthrowing the Taliban leaders responsible for the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States that started the war. The number one target, the man responsible for leading the Taliban, Osama Bin Laden, had eluded captured, however. On the evening of May 2, 2011 the White House announced that President Obama would be addressing the nation that night. At 11:35 President Obama told the world â€Å"Good evening. Tonight, I can report to the American people and to the world that the United States has conducted an operation that killed Osama bin Laden†. The world rejoiced. And then America began to ask questions. SEAL teams operated under a veil of thankless secrecy since beginning of their days. For many years the United States government flat out denied the existence of such elite warriors and very little was ever known about them. Several books in recent decades have been written by former SEAL’s showcasing not the tactics and classified details of their operations, but the grueling training and selfless sacrifice that these men endure. After the raid on the Bin Laden compound, the White House released the details to the media that the operation was carried out by Navy SEAL’s. The official version of the events was released to the media and immediately scrutinized by anyone and everyone who cared to. Detailed accounts of the events would be publicized that directly contradicted the official accounts of the story from journalists and retired Navy officers alike. There would be absolutely no recourse from the White House at these accounts. Early 2012, however, a publisher announced that a book was set to be released on September 11, 2012 written under the phony name of Mark Bowen that was a first-hand account from a SEAL team member on the ground the night of the raid on the Bin Laden compound. The White House immediately began to lash out against the book and members of the government began to talk publicly about espionage charges against the Navy SEAL. The ironic part of the whole deal would be that the book and the official story mirror each other saving a few minor details. The real issue then would not be that there were accounts that differed from the current White House Administration, but the fact that a book was being written by a SEAL team member at all. Retired Lt. General James Vaught would publicly lash out about the release of information claiming â€Å"the media attention would serve to alert the enemy and one day they would be ready for the SEAL’s when they flew in on a new mission† (Davis, 2012). Fox News would go so far as to release the real name and even personal address of the author of the book. The most peculiar part about all of backlash of this book is that it is not the first time that a Navy SEAL has authored a book. â€Å"Former SEAL Team Six commanding officer Richard Marcinko published a wildly popular memoir in 1993, which detailed the founding, selection process, training, and other details of the U. S. Navy’s elite counterterrorist unit† (Hunter, 2011). There accounts in Bowden’s (real name intentionally withheld) book do not divulge tactics, classified details, or even sensitive material. Bowden is donating all of the proceeds of the book sales to the families of fallen SEAL members. Bowden claims that the whole reason that he wrote the book was to highlight the rest of the men and women who were crucial to the takedown of Bin Laden. For any member of the United States government to come forward and mention espionage charges against an American hero is ludicrous unless they were to hunt down every SEAL member who has ever published a book. The world having limited knowledge of the SEAL’s is a good thing. Fear in the heart of our enemies is a great deterrent. REFERENCES SEAL and SWCC Official Naval Special Warfare Website. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. sealswcc. com/navy-seals-history. aspx Hunter, T. B. (2011). Tips of the Trident. A History of the U. S. Navy’s Elite Counterrorism Team Since 9/11. Journal Of Counterterrorism ; Homeland Security International, 17(3), 26-30. Davis, P. (2012). The Selling of The U. S. Navy SEALs: America’s Newest Heroes are the Tip of the Spear in the War on Terrorism. Journal Of Counterterrorism Homeland Security Int How to cite Persuasive, Essays

The Seven Wonders Essays - Seven Wonders Of The Ancient World

The Seven Wonders As time goes on, we age, just as the magnificent things we make. To often do we forget how far we have come over the ages. The purpose of this paper is to identify the seven ancient wonders of the ancient world, and how they have played a vital role in the evolution of man. A long time ago there was a man that went by the name of Philo of Byzantium (Encarta 97 I). Around 146 bc. he wrote a book that went by the name of Perition hepta. This was the first book concerning the seven wonders. There is another book named Antipater of Sidan. This book came a little after and listed the Walls of Babylon instead of the Pharos of Alexandria. (Britannica I) These books both listed different wonders with different names to them. Many people wonder why there is only seven. Because there was also things such as The Great Wall of China and the ancient American civilizations. They seemed to only list things within the Roman Empire (Encarta 97 I) The name ?the seven wonders of the ancient world? is also known as the ?seven prominent sights of the ancient world? (Britannica I) the Byzantium culture was originated from what is now Constantinople. Their culture was originated by their location by the Black Sea. And that area was a big port so they had to trade a lot there. This is probably where and how the book was traded and the ideas of Philo got to the other parts the world then. When people think about the seven wonders they usually think first about the pyramids. The most likely reason for this is because they are, in fact, the only surviving wonder still in existence. And another cool thing about it is, the pyramids of Giza are the oldest, and most impressive wonders of all. The Great Pyramid of Giza's schematics is overwhelmingly precise. The walls of the King Kufu's chamber door were cut with such accuracy, that the error rates in the corners were at 0.01 of an inch. It took about 100,000 workers 20 years to construct the Great Pyramid, and only during the Nile flood season (History of Giza I). The Hanging Gardens of Babylon or the Walls of Babylon (depending on what book you look at) was in fact, not really hanging gardens at all. Because water transportation was so difficult of a job, the distance of the water had to be short. So they found a high up source of water, and used primitive forms of aqueducts and brought it to the Babylon Palace and the palace was built for the reason for king Nebuchadnezzar to make his queen feel more confortable. Because she was from the country and being in a big city of Babylon then was a big change, so she was homesick. And so the Hanging Gardens of Babylon was created. (Grolier 2) The Statue of Zeus was a third ancient wonder. It got it's position by it's ?Doric-Style temple? by having a really large statue covered with precious stones and special materials to remember the ?God of Gods?. It was built in what was the city of Olympia and is now located about 150 km west of present-day Athens (Statue of Zeus 1). Another temple that became one of the wonders was the Temple of Artemis. It of course was built to honor the Greek god Artemis. It was built around the sixth century BC. And the architect was a guy named Chesiphron. But it was mainly a joint effort of twelve Ionian cities. (Grolier Encyclopedia 1) Around 292-280 BC. The proud Rhode citizens built a one hundred and twenty foot tall statue that stood on the side of the Rhode Harbor. The statue was made of bronze and its figure was the patron Helios. It took Rhodesians 12 years to construct the statue. And Chares of Lindus designed it (Grolier Enc. 2). Another Egyptian wonder, but constructed many years after the pyramids, was the Pharos of Alexandria. It was the first lighthouse ever constructed. It's purpose was to light the shores and light a path to land for sailors during the Roman age. It served as a prototype for lots

buy custom The Countrywide Financial Corporation essay

buy custom The Countrywide Financial Corporation essay The Countrywide Financial Corporation was founded in 1969 by Angelo Mozilo and David Loeb. Angelo Mozilo was the founder and chairman of the corporation. He is also thought to be behind the collapse of the company. In 1969, David Loeb founded the Countrywide in New York. Its intention was to create a nationwide lending firm specializing in mortgage loans. The company proceeded to open retail branches in California and by 1980 they had 40 branches in eight states. The company grew in leaps and bounds and saw it attain a loan origination of 2.2 million totaling to $408 million with 661 branches spread in 48 states. In the year 2008, the company was acquired by Bank of America for $4 billion. Its market value rose to $24 billion in 2006, but in 2007 it rapidly fell, when it emerged that the countrywide mortgages that had been during housing boom were overly risky and was faced with the risk of default. The company set pace on reforms that protected lenders from risks related to loan default. It also led to protection of borrowers with low income from exorbitant interest rates. Was the U.S. federal governments in 1932 intervention in the market for home ownership desirable? How did the creation of Fannie Mae in 1938, Ginnie Mae in 1968, and Freddie Mac in 1970 expand homeownership and shape lending practices at banks and other mortgage lending ?rms? Basing on the achievements realized it is clear that the intervention by the U.S government in the market was desirable. The creation of the Federal Home Loan Bank, for example, gave a provision on which lending to financial institutions is short-term prompting the desire for additional funds for home mortgages. The 1934 National Housing Act promoted homeownership. This is because it provided a system of insuring loans that protected default by borrowers. The creation of Fannie Mae facilitated secondary markets for mortgages. This was issued through guidelines of FHA program. This gave an opportunity to lenders who operated privately. This enabled private lenders to come up with a large count of FHA loans. Furthermore, due to the reason that loans could be sold in the secondary market. Another reason is that the borrower did not have to hold the loan until the loan term elapses. It also meant that another new loan could be created every other time the lender sold enormous loan bundles to secondary market inventors. Fannie Mae also bought mortgages that conventionally conformed to mortgages from the lenders. The reconstituting of Fannie Mae to trade publicly as a government sponsored enterprise saw its activities wiped out from the budget of the U.S federal government and moved its government insured portfolio, FHA mortgages, to corporation, which the government kept under total control. This was later known as Ginnie Mae. However, it remained in custody of Fannie Maes balance sheet. Th chartering of Freddie Mac facilitated the pooling of conforming loans, and came up with securities that were backed by mortgages (MBSs). These were sold as pooled shares on loan to the investors. The yield on interest for these security agencies lay between the U.S Treasury and AAA corporate. This obligation reflected low security risk. The MBSs development widened the secondary market for loans meant to be mortgaged. The reason being that the investors could buy portfolio of loan share other than buy intact portfolio loan. The Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac value to capital share in the market was equivalent to the MBSs obligations and debt guarantee of implicit government of the U.S. It is also important to note that, the Federal Charter demanded that they aid the residential mortgages through the secondary markets. It also obligated them to fund families whose incomes were low or moderate. They were also required to consider mortgage funding geographic distribution. This entailed finance on mortgage for geographic sectors that seemed undeserved. Another benefit that comes along with package of MBSs is that its mandate is to appraise the credit history of the borrower, and guidelines to establish the financial capability of the borrower in meeting the obligations of debt. This is important in establishing the probability of the borrower defaulting. This facilitated the growth of market of mortgage. Also the bolstering of loan program by the Veterans Administration led to zero down payment and reduced interest rates on loans. The housing burst of bubble in the year 2007, when the economy of the United Sates started weakening with the decline in demand for housing caused prices on homes to plummet. The appreciation in prices of homes almost coming to an end saw most of their properties go down. The equity position that was negative led to mortgage balance, which in turn led to fair market value of most of properties. The intervention, therefore, was desirable. This is because most of the issues that affected lending were deliberated on. It led to streamlining of mortgage business. It went along way in ensuring that the lenders were protected from risk that may arise. The borrowers too were not left behind as this ensured that no borrower was discriminated against based on race or geographical locations. The rate on interest towards the borrowers was also fully addressed by the enactment. Why did the U.S. Congress enact the Community Reinvestment Act, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, the Depository Institution Deregulation and Monetary Control Act, and the Housing and Community Development Act? Was this legislation effective in expanding homeownership? Did the governments promotion of subprime mortgages and high loan-to-value (LTV) subprime mortgages create additional risks for lenders and the holders of mortgage backed securities (MBSs) or collateralized debt obligations (CDOs)? In order to answer why the U.S Congress enacted the Community Reinvestment Act, it is important to note the reason for enactment. Sources indicates that the CRA and HMDA were enacted after the social activists group started pointing to the statistics that showed that FHA and lenders were involved in the systematic discrimination that was of race. This was directed to minority consumers who leaved in low income neighborhood. This practice was termed as redlining. The activist mobilized the Carter administration and Congress of the United States to come up with this enactment to curb this social injustice in lending and housing. The depository Institution Deregulation and monetary control addressed the concern on lenders who showed the sign of low income redlining of neighborhoods from their disclosures. However, the lenders defended this evil by pointing to the risks associated with loans made to low income earners, employment histories that were not stable, inadequate funds to enable them to make a down payment, or high debt to income levels. The acts, therefore, were enacted to address the concern by wiping out caps on interest rate and giving the lenders the opportunity to highly charge, or subprime rates to borrowers of higher risk. The Housing and Community development act of 1981 set goals for lenders borrowers of low income and gave an opportunity to FHA borrowers with credit records that are not perfect to access loans on mortgage with 90 to 95 percent LTVs. In the year 1995, the administration of Clinton increased the LTV subprime loans causing the CRA to increase home ownership for the Americans who in one way or another were not able to acquire mortgage loans through the conventional criteria of underwriting. The subprime mortgage created an additional risk to the lender. The reason being that-: the lender did not need the borrower to demonstrate how capable he is to repay the loan. The lender granted the borrower with low credit score, a high debt to income level, or a small down payment. The increased MBSs appetite on Wall Street, the brokers of mortgage expanded their net sales to entail requirements on documentation that was relaxed and limited or impaired the history on credit. This lending technique ensured that many borrowers accessed the loan. However, this could impact negatively on the lender incase the borrower defaulted in repaying. It is also important to know that the crisis of S L facilitated mortgage business unbundling. The origination of mortgage and servicing of loans led to a split. It led to pushing of most originations of mortgages into secondary markets as debt which is collateralized known as Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs). The ability of originators of mortgage to sell mortgages that were newly recorded as MBSs led to an increase of mortgage originators. The less strict nature of lending poses a risk on the side of the lender incase of default by the borrower. Buy custom The Countrywide Financial Corporation essay

The best way to answer the question Why should I hire youÂÂ

The best way to answer the question Why should I hire you   It’s the moment of truth- you’re on the job hunt and have landed an interview and it’s going well. You’re making a great impression on the person you’re meeting with and it really feels as if you have this locked up†¦ and then all of a sudden you’re hit with the big question: â€Å"Why should I hire you?† On its face it may seem like an easy question, but the truth is that it may only seem deceptively so. On top of there being a lot riding on your answer (namely a possible new job), the way in which you choose to answer the question may reveal a great deal to the person who’s in a position to make a hiring decision about you. Obviously, you want to make a good impression, and there’s a million overused and unremarkable ways to handle the question that you should wisely avoid. With all of that said, perhaps it doesn’t seem so simple anymore?Don’t worry- although there are plenty of ways to miss the mark when you’re facing this question, there are some effective strategies for how to handle it that can help turn a good interview into a great one, ensure that you leave a positive lasting impression on the interviewer, and increase your chances of getting hired. The Balance recently published an article highlighting proven strategies for handling the â€Å"Why should I hire you?† question. Consider taking advantage of the following tips when you next face it.Build your pitch.Always remember that you’re selling yourself whenever you’re on an interview, and your answer to the question â€Å"Why should I hire you?† should reflect a deep awareness of the requirements of the position that you’re interviewing for, the needs of the company that you’d like to become a part of, and the personality traits, skills, and experience that you possess that make you an ideal candidate. This means that you should always do your homework before getting to the interview, and you should be ready to confidently connect the dots between you, the employer, and their needs. If you have this down cold, then you’re in a good position to let the interviewer know precisely why they should hire you; if you’re unsure of the answer, keep working to connect those dots before the day of the big interview arrives. It never hurts to take a look at the keywords in the job posting and incorporate some of them into your answer.That said, you should always be ready to tweak your answer as needed to reflect any new information you get during the interview. For example, if you go into the interview thinking that good project management skills is your most valuable asset for the position but learn during the interview that they’re really looking to hire someone who’s a whiz with numbers, you may want to consider a revision if the question arises.Keep it brief.A good answer to the question need not- and really should not- be an e ndless soliloquy that takes the unfortunate audience on a meandering journey through your entire life story. Keep it short, simple, and to the point- think a minute or two, tops. Your one goal is to succinctly encapsulate why you effectively bridge the gap between the position you’re vying for and the needs of the company. Anything longer than that may exhaust the listener and may truly be â€Å"TMI.†Realize it’s not just what you say.Sure, you’re going to be judged based on what you say in response to this question, but just as important for this and all other interview questions is how you respond. This includes your confidence, body language, and ability to sell yourself as a true potential asset who stands out from the job hunting crowd. So, not only prepare what you intend to say in response to this weighty question, also be sure that your delivery is razor-sharp. It’s okay to act like you’ve prepared an answer in advance- hiring manage rs love  preparation and attention to detail!What makes you stand out?It’s always smart to keep in mind that for every good answer you might have for every interview question that arises, there’ll be a pack of other qualified candidates who will also come to their interviews strapped with good answers as well. Therefore, you should come ready to answer the question â€Å"Why should I hire you?† with something that makes you stand out from the crowd. Anything that makes you unique and could be viewed as a potential checkmark in the â€Å"pro† column when hiring personnel are deciding about you is fair game. Perhaps the interviewer mentioned that the company is seeking to expand its business internationally and you speak the language of a country that they may be looking to do business in- that could be a potential game changer. Try to have your own game changer in mind when facing this question. Any detail will do- not only will you seem well-suited for the job, but it will also show that you’ve done your homework in advance and know what the company is all about.â€Å"Why should I hire you?† is a question that has the potential to leave you rambling on and on while not saying much of anything. Don’t waste your opportunity to create a powerful, pointed answer to this common interview question. Your interviewer will be impressed with your ability to summarize all you have to offer in a focused soundbite- you’ll look prepared, confident, and responsible, all traits key to getting the job.

Congestion Pricing in New York City Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Congestion Pricing in New York City - Term Paper Example Next, Congestion pricing was introduced in London in 2003 with a charge of $13 for cars entering central London. Since its introduction, traffic delays have been reduced by 26%, bus service has becomes much faster and more reliable, and many more people have taken to bicycling instead of using their cars to access central London. Further, pollutants in the air have dropped dramatically too and Co2 levels have been reduced by 15% (Transport Alternatives). Stockholm conducted a trial of congestion pricing in 2006 for 6 months and found a 20% reduction in traffic, and a 10% drop in air pollution. Following this, it was made effective in 2007 in Stockholm. Since then, Stockholm has seen a 4.5% increase in public transport ridership, an 18% reduction in traffic, 50% decrease in waiting time to enter the city, and 14-18% drop in carbon emissions (Peach). In Trondheim, Norway, the congestion pricing has helped reduce traffic congestion by nearly 10% (Zupan and Perrotta). There are several g oals that introducing congestion pricing brings to the cities. ... The charges would be applicable from 6 AM to 6PM. The charges varied from $8 for cars to $21 for trucks. The charge was payable only once per day. Certain categories of vehicles were exempt from these charges. These vehicles were transit buses, emergency vehicles, taxis, and vehicles with handicapped license plates. However, for taxis that begin, end or touch the zone a surcharge of $1 would be applicable. For payment, the drivers would have an option of paying either through an â€Å"E-ZPass† which was an electronic transponder, or through an account linked to the E-ZPass recognizable through license plate recognition systems. For people without E-ZPass, the payment could be made within 48 hours at certain specified retail outlets/via internet or phone. In comparison to congestion pricing in other countries, the amount proposed was lower ($8 for NY compared to $13 in London for example). Further, the table below shows the comparison of several other important factors in the p roposed congestion pricing in New York with the implemented congestion pricing in London. Table 1: Comparison of London and New York Congestion pricing    London (Before Implementation) New York Proposal Size of zone 8 sq miles 8,5 sq miles Area of zone as percentage of region 1,3% of greater London 0,1% of tri-state region Number of Vehicles Entry Points 174 19 People Entering Zone Each Morning >1 million 1,7 million People Entering Zone by public transport 85% 78% Vehicles Entering Zone Each Day 7 AM to 6:30 PM 315,000 500,000 Vehicles Per Hour During Four Hour Morning Peak Period 40,000 53,000 Residents in Zone 83,000 500,000 Routing around the zone Ring road available to avoid the zone Options limited for most trips Source: Zupan and Perrotta, 2003 The proposal

Sustainable Operation Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sustainable Operation Management - Assignment Example According to Appleby (2013) this basically not only deal with supply chain and the introduction of raw materials but also the wider development and design of processes as well as waste disposal, this also deals with the incorporation of lifecycle analysis focused on ensuring that sustainability efforts is inclusive in all the processes (Appleby 2013). Sustainable practices within organizations must be developed to ensure the reduction of carbon footprint throughout the specific targeted processes in the organization. Sustainable operations management is evident in many in order to achieve the desired outcome. REFILLING WATER IN SWIMMING POOL IN SPORT HALL Sport swimming pools sometimes need to be completely drained and then refilled. Pre-balanced water is usually needed to be refilled directly into the empty pool. It is important to identify effective and efficient process of refilling and maintaining the swimming pool to meet the set standards for sports. Therefore preventive swimmi ng pool practices should be adopted in this process in order to save time as well as costs. Boosting the efficiency of the sports swimming pool is very important in reducing the underlying carbon footprint facilitating achieving sustainable lifestyle (Finkbeiner 2009). The process of refilling the sports swimming pool to achieve sustainability there has to be energy conservation, water and the chemicals at the pool. Increased carbon footprint at the pool leads to a great dent on the environment. An overview of sustainable operations management concerning swimming pool water refilling is to facilitate environmentally labeled â€Å"Green Home† swimming pool more concern put on pool evaporation, reduced carbon footprint and long term sustainability (Finkbeiner 2009). The following is the processes that are followed to achieve sustainable operations management in refilling water in swimming pool. Cleaning the swimming pool This is mainly the first step after the pool has been dri ed out. The surface composition needs to be determined. These basic procedures enhance efficiency and save a lot of time. Deck and cover cleaning is a common method which facilitates removal of debris and spa deck. A quick sweep facilitates removal of debris near the swimming pool. In conducting this process care should be taken to avoid abrasive surfaces while dragging the cover off the pool. Surface skimming is applied in removing dirt floating on the surface. It is remembered to empty skimming debris into the lawn so that it does not blowback into the pool when it dries up. Tile brush and tile soap to clean the tiles and this is done below and above the waterline. It is notable that evaporation and refilling of the swimming pool usually changes the waterline. Brushing is the most efficient way of removing algae from the surfaces and directing the dirt to the main drain so that it can be sucked in the filter (Appleby 2013). It is important to clean the filter and run fresh water i n the circulation system to purge away all the dirt from the lines. The general effective and efficient process in carryout this is to drain, clean and to refill the swimming pool. Refilling the swimming pool The pool is filled direct in the sunlight in cases where it is filled above the ground. The direct sunlight facilitates stretching of the liner as the pools fills. The spigot is turned on

six main principles in the property insurance

six main principles in the property insurance In property insurance, there are six main principles that govern a contract of insurance. If one of those requirements is not met by the insured or the insurer, the contract could be avoided. The main six principles that apply to property insurance include; Insurable interest, utmost good faith, indemnity, contribution, subrogation and proximate cause. In an Insurance contract, a person is not insuring the property as such, but the interest in that property. If a person is said to have an insurable interest on a property, he should enjoy benefits from its existence and would suffer a financial loss from its destruction .The case, Lucena v. Crauford expresses this point well; A man is interested in a thing to whom advantage may arise or prejudice happen from the circumstances which may attend ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ To be interested in the preservation of a thing is to be so circumstanced with respect to it as to have benefit from its existence, prejudice from its destruction. When an owner of a factory wants to insure his premises, he must demonstrate to the insurer that he has an insurable interest in the factory. He should benefit from the existence of the factory and would suffer a financial loss if it is damaged. The law requires that a person has a real interest in a property. A mere hope or expectation of acquiring an interest in the future does not create an insurable interest. The interest must also be a legal interest. The Macaura case held that An insured had an interest in his shares not in the property of the company for which he held shares in. Insurable Interest may arise by common law, by contract and by statue. The most common example of insurable interest is the interest which a person has in property which they own. Ownership is an interest which is recognised and protected by law. However, holding title of property is not necessary. Thus, a bailee has an insurable interest in its customers goods. A tenant has an insurable interest in the leased premises which he occupies. Other types of persons who have an interest to insure are; Mortgagees, mortgagors, lessees, shared or joint owners, trustees, legal guardians and people living together. Possession gives you also the legal interest to insure. According to the Marine Insurance Act 1906, Insurable Interest must exist at the time of the loss but not necessarily at inception. In fire and accidental policies, the Acts require that there must be insurable interest also at inception. A policy without interest is generally void and premiums could be recovered. The rationale behind the principle of insurable interest is to ensure that contracts of insurance are not taken as gambling transactions.   Insurance contracts are defined as contracts of utmost good faith or contracts of uberrimae fidei. The insurer relies on the truthfulness and integrity of the proposer whilst the insured relies on the companys promise to provide adequate cover and to pay claims. In commercial contracts, the doctrine of Caveat Emptor (let the buyer be aware) applies. The proposer knows more about the risks which are linked with a property, whilst the insurer knows nothing. The proposer needs to positively disclose all information, even if not asked. This principle applies also to the insurer. This doctrine emerged from the case Carter v. Boehm; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the special facts, upon which the contingent chance is to be computed, lie more commonly in the knowledge of the insured only: the underwriter trusts to his representation, and proceeds upon confidence that he does not keep back any circumstance in his knowledge, to mislead the underwriter into a belief that the circumstance does not exist, and to induce him to estimate the risquà © as if it did not exist. The duty of the proposer is to disclose all facts or circumstances that are material to the risk. A material fact, as stated in the Marine Insurance Act 1906 is; every circumstance is material which would influence the judgment of a prudent insurer in fixing the premium or determining whether he will accept the risk or not. Material facts hold the basics of a decision. Insurance companies use proposals forms to help the insured in giving the right information. A surveyor may also be sent to a property to inspect clearly the risk. Insurance slips are used in the case of brokers to gather material facts. If for example, a factory is located near a fireworks factory, the fact needs to be disclosed by the owner when filling the proposal form. The fireworks factory is an external factor that makes the risk higher. If the fact is not disclosed and damage is caused to the factory, the insurer has a right to avoid paying the claim and will also be entitled to avoid the contract. The fact must be material at the date at which it should be communicated to the insurer. A fact which was not material when the contract was made but becomes material later on; need not be disclosed. However, the insured has an obligation to disclose the material facts which he has control of. Facts which by their nature improve the risk need not be disclosed. At common law, the duty of disclosure continues until the contract is formed. At renewal the duty of disclosure is revived. A  warranty  is a promise by the insured to do certain things or to satisfy certain requirements. If the insured breaches the warranty, the insurer can void the contract and refuse to pay for a claim. A breach of good faith may take the form of misrepresentations and non-disclosure. Whether there is fraud or not, insurers have the right to avoid the contract ab-initio. If fraud is discovered, the insurer can sue for damages and keep the premium. Insurers can also waive their rights and allow the contract to stand. If the insurers are in breach of their duty, the insured will be entitled to avoid the contract. Indemnity requires that the insured is placed in the same financial position as he occupied immediately before the loss. In effect, this principle aims to prevent the insured from making a profit out of his loss. This principle is applied where the loss suffered is measurable in terms of money. It does not apply where it is not possible to measure the financial loss caused by the death of the insured or bodily injury sustained by him. Indemnity is important as it deals in part with moral hazard. In the case Castellian v. Preston, Mr. Justice remarked: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the contract of insurance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ is a contract of indemnity only, and this contract means that the assured, in case of a loss against which the policy has been made, shall be fully indemnified, but shall never be more than fully indemnifiedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Sometimes, property loses value for reasons other than depreciation. In many of these cases, market value is used to calculate cash value. If an insurer pays a replacement cost deducting depreciation, that is higher than the market value, then some property owners would be tempted to destroy their property to get the higher value over what they would get selling it in the market. Indemnity is a contractual principle and not a statutory one. The policy can be varied to provide either more or less than a strict indemnity. The Sum insured is usually the maximum recovery possible. If the sum insured is less than the value of the property, the principle of average is applied. The person who underinsures is considered his own insurer for the difference. Excesses, franchises and policy limits are other factors that limit the insureds entitlement to full indemnity. When cover is on a new for old or reinstatement basis, insurers pay for the full cost of rebuilding as new with no deduction for wear and tear. Agreed value policies enable also the insured to recover more than a strict indemnity. The methods of providing indemnity are; repair, replacement, reinstatement and cash. Indemnity is applied at the date and place of loss. Under property insurance, the policyholder can recover only the amount of the value of the property. As regards to buildings, the basis of indemnity is the repair or rebuilding cost at the time of loss, with a deduction for betterment. With a reinstatement clause, no reductions are applied for depreciation. Insurers are entitled to receive any salvage left. The goods become the property of the insurers if they make a full indemnity payment. The principle of indemnity is closely related to both the requirements of an insurable interest; an insured can only be indemnified to the extent of his insurable interest and insurance is not gambling; the insured doesnt win or lose. Contribution is about the sharing of losses between insurers when double insurance exist. Contribution is another principle that aids indemnity. Since indemnity forbids the insured from recovering more than the loss, then he cannot recover the full value of the loss from each of the two policies. The law does not forbid people from engaging in double insurance; it only forbids making a profit from a loss. Contribution is likely to arise when there is more than one policy. It does not matter that the policies do not cover precisely the same perils or property. They do not have to be identical but there must be an overlap. For example; one policy covering building A only and one covering buildings A and B. It the case American Surety Co of New York v. Wrightson (1910); it was held that for contribution to apply, the two policies involved must cover the same interest, same subject manner; same peril and same period. An overlap is quite common when there is home insurance overlapping with travel insurance, since certain items of property are insured under household insurance as well as insured whilst the policyholder travels abroad under the travel policy. There is a case law relative to the question of a common insurable interest. The case is North British Mercantile v. Liverpool London Globe (1877) The King and Queen Granaries case. As there were different interests, one as owner and one as a bailee, it was held that North British had to pay the loss in full and there was no right of contribution. Under the common law, a person who has more than one policy can look to any of the insurers involved for compensation. The insurer, who would have paid in full, can then claim contribution from the other insurer involved. However, the majority of policies include some form of contribution condition. With this condition, insurers will be liable for their rateable share only. When the two policies contain the contribution condition, the insured must proceed with the claim against the two insurers. Some policies may even contain a non-contribution clause. This prevents an insurer from being liable if the insured is covered under another policy. If there are two policies with this condition, the clauses in effect cancel out each other and contribution arises in the usual away, as in accordance with the case Gale v. Motor Union (1928). Subrogation is the right of a person who has provided indemnity to another, to stand in the shoes of that person to recover from some third party. The main aim of this principle is to ensure that the insured obtains an indemnity but no more than an indemnity. According to the case Castellain v. Preston, Subrogation is; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a doctrine in favour of the underwriters or insurers in order to prevent the assured from recovering more than a full indemnity. It is a corollary of indemnity and therefore does not apply to non-indemnity contracts. If a third party causes damage to the insureds factory, the insurer will settle with the insured. However, by virtue of the subrogation right and the subrogation condition, the insurer can sue the third party who has caused damage, in the name of the owner of the factory and subsequently make a recovery under the claim. Ex-gratia payments are payments outside the policy obligations and therefore are not recoverable. Subrogation operates by means of tort where a third party causes the insured loss or damage. It arises out of the negligence of a third party. Subrogation could arise under a contract as in the case, a tenant causing damage to the landlord; the tenant is made liable to pay under the contract. Subrogation rights may also arise under statute as in the case of riot. For example, insurers have a right to sue the police who are responsible for civil order to make a recovery, if as a result of riot the property of the insured is damaged. Insurers are also entitled to any materials left by the loss where they have agreed to pay the loss in full. This is expressed in Rankin v. potter (1873). Following indemnity, the insured ceases to be the owner. The case Scottish Union National Insurance v. Davis (1970) shows that the insured must have been indemnified for an insurer to exercise subrogation rights. For this reason insurers always insert a condition which enables them to commence their rocevery against the other party before they have settled the insureds claim. Subrogation rights are modified under market agreements between insurers to try to reduce administration expenses in recovering money from each other. Subrogation rights can also be modified or cancelled through a contractual agreement. Proximate cause is a claims related principle. The practical effect of this principle is to define the scope of the insurance contract and to protect the relative rights of the insured and the insurer. It allows for application of common sense to the interpretation of insurance contracts. Proximate cause relates to the main cause of a property loss. It is not necessarily the first or last cause but the dominant cause. It must be the operative cause which is directly linked with the result. The cause must not be remote. Proximate cause was defined in a classic case of Pawsey v. Scottish Union and National (1907); the active efficient cause that sets in motion a train of events which brings about a result without the intervention of any force started and working actively from a new and independent source. Property may be damaged but not directly by an insured peril. By the proximate cause rule, the loss will be covered. For example; smoke damage from fire, water damage from fire fighting, and damage caused by fire fighters. Normally, the cause and effect of a loss is quite easy to recognize. For example, a fire occurs and property is damaged. But in real situations, the loss may be the result of two or more causes and it become more difficult to decide the proximate cause. Losses can occur due to different situations, such as; single cause, chain of events, or concurrent causes. For example, if there is a storm that causes a wall to collapse, then a short circuit results in a fire and to extinguish the fire, water damage is caused by firemen. In this case, it is easy to determine that the storm was the proximate cause, since it started off a train of events causing water damage In many law cases, it had been decided that the last cause in time was the proximate cause where there was a chain of events. However, the case Leyland Shipping Co. Ltd v. Norwich Union Fire Insurance Society Ltd (1918) changed this theory. When there is a chain of events, insurers are liable where the loss flows in an unbroken chain directly from an insured peril. If the chain is broken, with no excluded perils, an insurer is liable only for that loss caused by an insured peril. When there is an excluded peril, the subsequent loss caused by an insured peril will be a new and indirect cause, interrupting the chain. Damage following novus actus interviens is not covered. Concurrent causes may be independent or interdependent. If one of the losses is not insured, then only the loss arising from the insured peril is covered, unless the causes cannot be separated and in which case all of the loss is covered. If one of the concurrent causes is excluded, then no cover operates, unless the other cause is insured and can be separated. Insurers sometimes exclude losses caused directly or indirectly by the peril in question. The effect will be to widen the exclusion and reduce the scope of cover. For example; If a policy excludes losses directly or indrectly caused by erathquake; it means that the policy will not cover neither the earthquake shock nor the fire damaage which might result.

Food and Beverage Management Essay

The food and beverage department plays a pivotal role in a star hotel. Such a hotel can hardly be convinced of without food and beverage section. Star hotels worldwide have costly and gorgeous bars which earns them significant amount of revenue. To extend the beverage provision of the hotel, there should be a strategy to procure and sell quality beverage at competitive price and serve the guests to their satisfaction in an ambient environment. For achieving the goal one should having a fair knowledge of different licensing regulations to achieve a great sale of different kinds of beverages and customer satisfaction. a) â€Å"The licensing framework and its implications on the hotel†. * Local licensing framework: There were various licensing laws in the UK governing sale of liquor in the past. The ‘licensing Act 2003’ came into existence on 10 July, 2003, which â€Å"provides for a unified system of regulation of the activity of sale and supply of alcohols†. * Some aspects of the licensing Act 2003 are explained below: i) Licensable activities and qualifying club activities. a) â€Å"These activities are the sale by retail of alcohol, b) The supply of alcohol by or on behalf of a club to, or to the order of, a member of the club, c) The provision of regulated entertainment, and d) The provision of late night entertainment†. ii) Licensing authorities: The Licensing Act 2003 mentions the bodies which consist of licensing authorities. Each licensing authority, with the exception of those which cover the inner and middle Temples is required to establish a licensing committee of between ten and fifteen members and also describe the objectives which the licensing authorities must promote. These objectives are: * â€Å"Public safety * The prevention of crime and order * The prevention of public nuisance * The protection of children from harm†. iii) Each licensing committee is required to â€Å"determine and a publish a statement of its licensing policy every three years. The licensing authority must consult: * The police, * The local fire authority, * People who represent holders of various categories of licenses, * Representative of local business and residents†. iv) This Act provides for four types of license namely: * Personal license * Club premises certificates * Temporary event notices * Premises license â€Å"A premises license This license authorizes a hotel to carry out licensable activities. It has details of operating conditions which requires the premises to carry out its operation in line with the licensable objectives. It lasts unless it is surrendered or revolved. It may be time if te applicant so requests†. * Some aspects of regulations of premises licenses: An application for a premises license needs to be made in prescribed form: An applicant for a premises license: * Will submit an operating schedule underlining curtain about activities to be carried out in the premises. * If represented against it by the police, the fire authority, the safety agency, or interested parties, the licensing authority will call for a hearing. After considering the hearing, the same authority may reject the application fully or partly or may attach some condition to the license. * Requires an appointment of an ‘authorized person’. * Requires a ‘designated premises supervisor’, a holder of personal license for the place where the premises license operates. * Identifies some categories of person, who, among others , may apply for premises license: * A person who is engaged or proposed to be engaged in a business involved on licensable activities in the premises. * Any individual aged at least 18 wishing to run a business on commercial basis involving the sale or supply of alcohol. * Provide for some mandatory condition which among others are: * Every supply of alcohol must be made by a personal license holder or person by him. * In case a premises license is stolen, lost, damaged or destroyed, the premises license holder may apply for a copy to the license authority. * Unless granted for a limited period on the desire or the applicant, a premises license will last until it is surrendered or revoked. This will lapse if the holder dies, mentally incapable and insolvent, the company is dissolved. A license holder may voluntarily surrender a premises license. * Some other aspects * Unlike the previous regulations, the licensing Act 2003 dose not fix up the days or the opening hours when alcohol may sell by retail for consumption on or off the premises. The licenses themselves decide when to sell and when to close the sale. * Centrally set, fees for license, certificates etc are fixed on the basis of full cost recovery. * The license authorities have the power to suspend or revoke a license. They can also modify operating condition. * The police are empowered to close licensed premises to deal quickly with unruly behavior and excessive noise. * Offences The following activities, among others, constitute offence under the Act. Ignorance of these offences will impede a manager’s function and duties. A few of them are: * Unauthorized licensable activities (section 136). * Exposing alcohol for unauthorized sale (section 137) * Keeping alcohol on premises for unauthorized sale (section 138) * Allowing disorderly conduct on licensed premises etc (section 146) * Sale of alcohol to drunk person . * Obtaining alcohol form a drunk person (142) * To keeping smuggled goods (section 144) * Admitting un accompanied children under 16 to certain premises (section 145) * Selling alcohol by retail on and moving vehicles (section 158) * Furnishing false statement made for the purpose of this Act (section 158) (Part 7 of the licensing Act 2003) * Implication of licensing regulation. In this age of high –tech technology when business operation are conducted within moments though electronic online system, processing of application for a beverage license rather a longer time. Granting such a license by the licensing committee is also equally time consuming. b) â€Å"Developing the drinks and wine list to achieve higher income and customer satisfaction, including non-alcoholic drinks†. * Developing drink Menu /List To extend the beverage provision of the hotel assistant manager has to focus on the sale tools of beverages, a primary requirement contribute to their sale. These tools are: 1. Beverages menus 2. Creating right and cosy ambience and decor in the room 3. Selling of popular and quality drink at competitive price. The common and main tools are the menus, popular and quality beverages themselves. To carry out the program of extending beverages provision the assistant manager must consider the following: * When customer are on the premise at hotel bar or restaurant, they look for: * An attractive and appropriate menu. * Good food and beverages in soothing and ambient environment. * The beverages menus. The beverages menus inform customers what drinks they have available and their cost. By presenting a well planned and nicely prepared menu, an atmosphere is created to target sale of alcohol to the customers and achieve a margin of profit. Therefore, it is very important to plan and present an appropriate menu so as to make the customers touch the menu with a sense of satisfaction that easily leads him to his choice. Using correct language and setting right location of the items in the menu, the management may skillfully entice customers to select their items comfortably. To carry out the strategy there is a need to fix up basic menu criteria that consists of the following factor: * General presentation General presentation of a menu identifies the image of the hotel. The following aspects of a menu are very important which should be: * Attractive * Clean * Easy to read * Complementary * Responsive to current awareness * Well designed * Menu content The content of a menu is very important. The for beverage provision the menu needs to be prepared and presented in the style and with features as discussed below: * Language The language of menu must be I line with the type of operation. If prepared in foreign language, it must be simple and accurate so that customers can easily choose items of their preference. * Accuracy The menu needs conveying the right price of the items and their availability. customers do not like wasting their time. So the menus must be accurate about pricing and availability. * Pricing Attractive and competitive, correct pricing of an item of food or alcohol is key to the extension program. Recasting the present price structure is essential to target sale at comparative price. * Sales mix Sales mix refers to composition of total sales as between main food and beverages. Designing a menu with potential sales mix of items the customers may select is important. If the sales mix is not satisfactory it will be hard to cover the costs of food and which eventually may fail the operation. * Layout of the menu It should neither be too short or too long. The length of the menu should be as such as will adjust itself to the liking and need of the customers, who prefer short and attractive menus. * Types of beverages menus Beverages menus are grouped as * Wine menus * Bar menus * Room service beverage menus * Special promotion beverages menus * Bar menus: These are two types, such as, large display of beverage menu and the small printed menus. The former should be displayed at the back or to the side of the bar while the later be available on the bar or on the table of the bar. * Room service beverage menus Depending on the standard of the hotel and the level of room service offered, these should be quite expensive to entice the customers. * Special promotion beverage menus It is essentially a promotion menu. This relates to advertising sale of a particular beverage either free or at a special price during an event. c) â€Å"The pricing policy for the new drink list†. More presenting attractive and well designed menus may not boost up beverage sale. Significantly important is adapting correct pricing policy. The beverage market is very competitive. Economic recession worldwide has to some extent the situation. The number of pubs has gone down but investment in the development of new premises has increased. Pubs, clubs and bars sector is largest employer in the world. The sector is very competitive. Considering the realities, the assistant manager therefore lays emphasis on the following aspects regarding pricing. * Pricing The price should include the operation cost, setting up cost, the cost of electricity, gas, washing, cleaning, the fixed cost such as staff cost, rates, loan payment, mortgages and VAT. The pricing should be based on the target market of the operation. Pricing also determines the type of clientele the operation has. A premium price demands not only a high quality drink but also high quality service, furnishing, decor, ambience or entertainment. The product and service, as received by the customers, must match the value of the money they spend, regardless of what the price may be. Pricing policy should attract customers even through by lowering profit. Pricing should be targeted to work a promotional tool. Offering special lunch or dinner with alcoholic drinks and offering wine on discounts to target group of users should be made for larger sale. The hotel management should aim at maximizing the number of customers. They should target the customers, they believes, they will have. The physical design of the premises, the human resources, the products themselves and the styles of service should meet the expectation of the customers. To maximize numbers of customers, gaming, betting, casino lotteries should be installed. Incidence of investment necessary in this regard should be included into beverages pricing. Cost of storage and control of beverage should invariable from a part of price. d) â€Å"Purchasing, storage and control of beverage stock†. * Purchase of beverage stock To sell any beverage profitably largely depends how it is procured, stored and preserved from damage, miss use and theft. Therefore the hotel management should adapt the following policy in relation to beverage purchase. * Purchase The hotel tied up with a brewery company like bass, white bread and brains. Beers may be procured from the parent company and other beverages from nominated suppliers. The drinks should be sometimes procured from nominated suppliers in bulk quality as to achieve significant discount. When beverage can be bought from a parent company at lesser price than supplier’s it should be bought from them. The hotel being a part of national chain, the purchase of all business is conducted by the purchasing department which should independently choose any suppliers it likes by negotiating maximum discount * An item wise strategy for purchases of alcohol is as follows. * Breweries Breweries are national, regional or local microbrewery. The hotel, even if tied to any brewery, should retain its option to source its purchase independently. When non-tied they can buy from any source by negotiating discount. * Cash and carry Specialist supermarket, cash and carry sells in bulk. The hotel may use them in emergency following normal practice: * General wholesaler The hotel may purchase alcohols or wines with competitive price from big wholesalers which buy from overseas and keep stock of beverage in their large warehouses. * Wine wholesaler. Like a general wholesaler, a wine wholesaler is specialized in supplying better quality wine. They can also sell premium spirits like Avery’s of Bristol. They may be used to procure wines for customers having higher socio-economic profile and disposable earning. Wines seller like Matthew Clark may be used as a significant source. * Brokers They specialized in sales usually from a specific region. To sell to both small and big operations. Both of them may use the brokers when needed and convenient. Purchasing from brokers through complex with cost factors, should be used during expediency. * Agency distributor As often cheaper and s they also offer after service they should be another source for beverage purchase. They are large wholesalers, often having licenses to manufacture international brands within UK. * Storage and control of beverage Procuring beverage at competitive price with satisfaction discount is an important skill in revenue earning from alcohol sale. Equally important is how the procured beverage are stored, preserved and their movement is controlled. If beverages are not properly stored, they will deteriorate and also may be stolen. This direct affects investment and revenue earning. As consumed by customers by customers food and beverage should be stored, preserved, maintained in a manner that they remain fit for humans consumption. The following factors in storing and controlling the beverage stock should be taken care of in relation to: * Sprits, liquors and some types of wine which have shelf lives. * Application of food safety Acts to control hazardous substances and beverages. * Cleaning of beers pumps and lines area as supplied through them. * The storage area should be clean as dry damp condition can harm label, cartoons etc. * Lightning should be low (40watts maximum). The beer storage should be 13 to 14 degree Celsius while a wine storage should have a temperature of 13 degrees. A significant variation let us say 3 to 4 degrees either way can effect deterioration. * All storage areas of all kinds of beverage should always be kept clean, tidy and be swept and washed. Empty containers must not be kept in the same place with the new stock as they are likely to accumulated bacteria from open containers. * A financial involvement in the wet stock being big, security aspect of stock should be taken care of. Access to storage record and movement of stock both internally and externally should be controlled, specific and designated. * Beverage beyond expiry dates cannot be sold. So it should be a regular practice to examine † the best before system on line information on stock control, electronic bar management, rapid order system point of sale , application of appropriate technology for control of beverage stores all these are effective control method of beverage stock .

The Chronicles of Quality Writing Paper

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Is It The Right Thing For Me Join The War After College

In life, we are constantly faced with situations and scenarios where we have to make choices. Deciding which choices we make is often times determined by what we deem as right and wrong. There are no clear-cut, black and white answers to these questions, so we have to take it upon ourselves to do our best to make the right choices. Imagine this, your country is heading to war, and you want to help serve your country against the terrorists attacking your home. So you go to school majoring in the enimes language. However, while going through school it is discovered that your country is using extreme tactics like torturing prisoners of war. Would you still join the war after college? What is the right thing to do? The first question you should ask yourself is â€Å"is the war and the tactics used morally just†. The answer to that is yes. The next question you should ask is â€Å"is it the right thing for me to join the war†. The right thing to do is to continue helping you r country and going to war. It is the right thing to do because the actions taken were just, and fighting in the war in the end will bring peace and happiness. So how could torture be considered just? Mill states, actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. This is saying that in order for an act to be â€Å"right† it must bring as much pleasure or happiness as possible while avoiding as much pain as possible. Torture is a horrific act. It isShow MoreRelatedJulissa Martinez . Mrs.Campbell . English Ii3Rd Period1623 Words   |  7 Pages After high school I am interested in being a military nurse because I have been wanting to join the US Army but I also wanted to be a nurse so I decided why not be both. 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